Binary + and String Concatenation

• If the binary + is applied to strings, it merges (concatenates) them.
• If one of the operands is a string, the other one is converted to a string too.
  • However, note that operations run from left to right.

console.log('1' + 2); // "12"
console.log(2 + 2 + '1'); // "41" and not "221"

• String concatenation and conversion is a special feature of the binary plus +.
  • Other arithmetic operators work only with numbers and always convert their operands to numbers.

console.log(2 - '1'); // 1
console.log('6' / '2'); // 3

Numeric Conversion, Unary +

• The unary plus is applied to a single value, doesn’t do anything to numbers.
  • If the operand is not a number, the unary plus converts it into a number.
  • It does the same thing as Number() function.
• If we are getting values from HTML form fields, they are usually strings.
  • This operation can help you to convert string values to number.

console.log(Number("5")); // 5
let x = "1";
console.log(+x); // 1

console.log(+true); // 1
console.log(+"");   // 0

console.log(+undefined) // NaN
console.log(+null) // 0

let apples = "2";
let oranges = "3";
console.log(+apples + +oranges); // 5

Assignment =

let a, b, c;
a = b = c = 2 + 2;
// a = 4, b = 4, c = 4

• Remember that the call x = value writes the value into x and then returns it.

let a = 1;
let b = 2;
let c = 3 - (a = b + 1);
console.log(a); // 3
console.log(c); // 0

Exponentiation **

• The exponentiation operator ** is a recent addition to the language.
• For a natural number b, the result of a ** b is a multiplied by itself b times.
• The operator works for non-integer numbers of a and b as well.

console.log(2 ** 2); // 4  (2 * 2)
console.log(2 ** 3); // 8  (2 * 2 * 2)
console.log( 4 ** (1/2) ); // 2 (power of 1/2 is the same as a square root)
console.log( 8 ** (1/3) ); // 2 (power of 1/3 is the same as a cubic root)

Increment/Decrement